International Journal of Computational and Electronics Aspects in Engineering
Volume 7 · Issue 1 · February 2026 · pp. 58-65
Review Article · Peer Reviewed
Received: December 06, 2025 · Accepted: January 20, 2026 · Published: 06 February 2026
DOI: 10.26706/ijceae.7.1.20260105
Open Access · CC BY 4.0

Comparative Analysis of Cryptographic Algorithms for Internet of Vehicles

Alka Karketta*, Vibha Tiwari
Department of Electronics Engineering, Medicaps University, Indore, India

*Corresponding author: alka.brutin@gmail.com
Download PDF Cite this article Certificate Volume 7 Issue 1

Abstract

This paper examines four key cryptographic algorithms—Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), RSA, SHA, and AES—for Internet of Vehicles (IoV) systems. Performance metrics such as execution speed, communication delay, memory utilization, processor load, and energy consumption are evaluated. Experimental analysis is conducted using standard Python cryptographic libraries and computing tools, providing a comparative assessment of algorithm suitability for secure vehicular communication environments.

Keywords

Internet of Vehicles Cryptographic Algorithms Vehicle Communication Vehicular Networks ECC RSA AES SHA

References

  1. L. Zhang, M. Li, and K. Wang, “Internet of Vehicles: Architecture, protocols, and applications,” IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 1045–1078, Second Quarter 2024.
  2. Automotive Edge Computing Consortium, “Connected Vehicle Data Processing Requirements and Infrastructure Analysis,” Tech. Rep. AECC-TR-001, 2024.
  3. X. Wang, Y. Liu, and Z. Chen, “Security for the Internet of Vehicles with integration of sensing, communication, computing, and intelligence: A comprehensive survey,” Sensors, vol. 24, no. 18, article 6125, Sep. 2024.
  4. H. Chen, X. Liu, and C. Martinez, “Real-time cryptographic processing requirements for autonomous vehicle safety systems,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 25, no. 7, pp. 6789–6801, Jul. 2024.
  5. Intel Corporation, “Intel Core i5-1035G1 processor technical specifications and performance analysis,” Intel Tech. Doc. 338848-001, 2024.
  6. M. H. Alkhalidi, H. S. Maghdid, and S. R. M. Zeebaree, “Cybersecurity in autonomous vehicles—Are we ready for the challenge?” Electronics, vol. 13, no. 13, article 2654, Jul. 2024.
  7. E. C. P. Neto, H. Taslimasa, S. Dadkhah, S. Iqbal, P. Xiong, T. Rahman, and A. A. Ghorbani, “CICIoV2024: Advancing realistic IDS approaches against DoS and spoofing attack in IoV CAN bus,” Internet of Things, vol. 26, article 101209, Jul. 2024.
  8. M. Thompson, J. Davis, and L. Wilson, “Reproducibility crisis in cryptographic research: Challenges and solutions,” IEEE Security & Privacy, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 45–53, May–Jun. 2024.
  9. B. Rodriguez and K. Kim, “Modern software frameworks for cryptographic implementation and validation,” ACM Computing Surveys, vol. 56, no. 8, article 201, Aug. 2024.
  10. A. Ahmed, B. Hassan, and K. Mahmood, “Performance analysis of hybrid cryptosystems for secure e-services: An empirical study,” International Journal of Information Security, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 721–738, Jul. 2024.
  11. W. Thompson, J. Lee, and S. Park, “Cross-platform cryptographic algorithm performance evaluation,” ACM Transactions on Information and System Security, vol. 27, no. 2, article 18, Mar. 2024.
  12. D. J. Bernstein and T. Lange, “ECRYPT II benchmarking of cryptographic systems: Final report and analysis,” European Network of Excellence in Cryptology II, Final Report ECRYPT-NOE-2024-01, 2024.
  13. P. Kumar and R. Singh, “Comparative analysis of ECC and RSA for IoT devices: Performance and security considerations,” IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 20345–20358, Jun. 2024.
  14. S. Alshammari and A. El-Sayed, “Advancing vehicle security: Deep learning-based solution for defending CAN networks in the Internet of Vehicles,” EAI Endorsed Transactions on Internet of Things, vol. 10, article e3, Oct. 2024.
  15. T. Yang and C. Lv, “A secure sensor fusion framework for connected and automated vehicles under sensor attacks,” IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 9, no. 22, pp. 22357–22365, Nov. 2022.
  16. X. Zhao, Y. Fang, H. Min, X. Wu, W. Wang, and R. Teixeira, “Potential sources of sensor data anomalies for autonomous vehicles: An overview from road vehicle safety perspective,” Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 236, article 121358, Feb. 2024.
  17. M. A. Setitra and M. Fan, “Detection of DDoS attacks in SDN-based VANET using optimized TabNet,” Computer Standards & Interfaces, vol. 89, article 103845, Apr. 2024.
  18. P. Rani, R. Sharma, P. K. Sharma, and V. Chamola, “Federated learning-based misbehaviour detection for the 5G-enabled Internet of Vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, doi: 10.1109/TCE.2023.3328020, 2023.
  19. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, “UN Regulation No. 155 – Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regards to cyber security and cyber security management system,” 2021, updated 2024.
  20. National Institute of Standards and Technology, “Security and privacy controls for information systems and organizations,” NIST Special Publication 800-53 Rev. 5, updated Sep. 2024.
  21. SAE International, “Cybersecurity guidebook for cyber-physical vehicle systems,” SAE J3061, updated Jan. 2024.
  22. International Electrotechnical Commission, “Security for industrial automation and control systems – Part 4-2: Technical security requirements for IACS components,” IEC 62443-4-2, 2024.
  23. M. Fu, P. Wang, M. Liu, Z. Zhang, and X. Zhou, “IoV-BERT-IDS: Hybrid network intrusion detection system in IoV using large language models,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, doi: 10.1109/TVT.2024.3402366, 2024.
  24. T. Alladi, B. Gera, A. Agrawal, V. Chamola, and F. R. Yu, “DeepADV: A deep neural network framework for anomaly detection in VANETs,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 70, no. 11, pp. 12013–12023, Nov. 2021.
  25. P. Rani, R. Sharma, and P. K. Sharma, “Federated learning-based security solutions for IoV networks: Recent advances and open issues,” Sensors, vol. 24, no. 2, article 368, Jan. 2024.
  26. E. Khezri, H. Hassanzadeh, R. O. Yahya, and M. Ould-Khaoua, “Security challenges in Internet of Vehicles (IoV) for ITS: A survey,” Tsinghua Science and Technology, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 1700–1723, Mar. 2025.
  27. Python Software Foundation, “Python 3.13.0 release notes and performance improvements,” Python Enhancement Proposal 3147, Oct. 2024.