Agentic Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: Ethical AI and Governance Framework for the Modern Era

The current state of Agentic Artificial Intelligence (AI), which includes AI systems resulting from advances in machine learning and large language models, has transformed the capabilities of intelligent systems. Agentic AI systems make autonomous decisions by analysing their environment and adapting their actions accordingly. These systems enable users to accomplish complex tasks by interacting with external resources while operating with minimal human intervention.

The adoption of Agentic AI across healthcare, finance, manufacturing, and digital governance offers significant benefits but also introduces important ethical, legal, and technical challenges. Autonomous decision-making can lead to unexpected behaviour and system failures, while existing AI regulations remain insufficient for governing continuously evolving intelligent systems.

This paper examines the evolution of Agentic AI, identifies key ethical and governance concerns, and evaluates the limitations of current regulatory frameworks. It recommends comprehensive governance models incorporating continuous system evaluation, clearly defined operational standards, transparency, accountability, and human oversight to ensure the responsible and trustworthy deployment of Agentic AI technologies.

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